1/7/2024 0 Comments Asian trumpet repertoire![]() ![]() Our study offers new insights into how vocal and cognitive flexibility enables mammals to overcome size-related limitations of laryngeal sound production. Given the complexity of the proposed mechanism, the surprising absence of squeaking in most of the unrelated subjects and the indication for volitional control, we hypothesize that squeak production involves social learning. Besides human brass players, lip buzzing is not described elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Our results strongly suggest that Asian elephants force air from the small oral cavity through the tensed lips, inducing self-sustained lip vibration. Only 19 of 56 study subjects were recorded to squeak, mostly during alarming contexts and social arousal but some also on command. Acoustic and temporal parameters exhibit high intra- and inter-individual variability that enables individual but no call-subtype classification. Anatomical considerations suggest that the longitudinal closed lips function as the vibrators. ![]() The squeaks’ spectral structure is incongruent with laryngeal sound production and aerodynamic whistles, pointing to tissue vibration as the sound source. The simultaneous emission of squeaks with nasal snorts (biphonation) in one individual confirmed that squeak production was independent of nasal passage involvement and this implicated oral sound production. We found that squeaks were emitted through the closed mouth in synchrony with cheek depression and retraction of the labial angles. Here, we reveal how Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) produce species-specific squeaks (F0 300–2300 Hz) by using acoustic camera recordings to visualize sound emission and examining this alongside acoustic, behavioral, and morphological data across seven captive groups. Yet, their vocal plasticity has so far not been related to functions within their natural communicative system, in part because not all call types have been systematically studied. Moreover, they are among the few evolutionarily distantly related animals (humans, pinnipeds, cetaceans, birds) capable of imitating species-atypical sounds. Elephants flexibly use laryngeal and trunk-based vocalizations to form a repertoire ranging from infrasonic rumbles to higher-pitched trumpets. Measures 16" from bell to end of staple.Anatomical and cognitive adaptations to overcome morpho-mechanical limitations of laryngeal sound production, where body size and the related vocal apparatus dimensions determine the fundamental frequency, increase vocal diversity across taxa. ![]() ![]() Basically, two pieces instead of one.Īnd although suona and oboe reeds are both cut from the upper half of the cane stalk instead of the bottom, like clarinet and saxophone reeds, the oboe reed comes from the outer layer of the plant, while the suona reed comes from the inner stalk.ħ fingerholes and a thumbhole. To make an oboe reed, however, the cane is spliced, folded, and then bound together. You can picture a suona reed as a flattened drinking straw. The suona and oboe are both double-reed woodwind instruments, but they too have their distinctions. Its clear, resonant timbre instantly captures the audience's attention. Though small, the suona produces a powerful sound thanks to its short pipe shaft. In ancient China, it could even be found in palace rituals. The suona is sometimes called "Chinese trumpet," the suona originates from traditional Chinese folk music and is essential at funerals, weddings, and theatric performances. Pitch can vary slightly between instruments, but well tuned to itself. Approximately fifteen inches in length, with a one and one half octave sounding range. Crafted of indigenous woods with a metal bell at one end and a double reed on the other. ![]()
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